The overall efficiency of energy consumed is lost or wasted in the process of conversion from raw materials such as coal to the final energy services. In India, currently the total installed power generation capacity is 143,311 MW, derived as thermal power from coal, gas and oil(64.6 percent), hydro power (24.7percent) and as renewable energy (7.4percent). Nuclear energy component is still rather low (2.9 percent). To meet energy needs till 2032, at the very least, India needs to increase primary energy supply 3 to 4 times and electricity generation capacity/supply by 5 to 6 times of current levels. By 2032, power generation capacity must increase to nearly 800,000 MW from the current capacity of around 160,000MW.
R&D in energy is critical to realise this ambitious target and thus meet development goals. Given the difficulties in procuring fossil fuel supplies, there is a need to direct R&D to more efficient way of distribution and consumption, development of substitutes to fossil fuels and adopting commercial low carbon high-efficiency technologies that extract and use coal, our most abundant primary resource.
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